Sebenzisa ikhonkco elingezantsi ukuze wabelane ngoguqulelo olupheleleyo lweli nqaku kunye nabahlobo bakho kunye noogxa bakho.Funda nzulu.
Phanda imeko engaqinisekanga kunye nezinto ezinempembelelo kwizigulana ze-COVID-19 kwizibhedlele eziphathwayo.
NgoFebruwari ka-2020, abaguli abali-114 be-COVID-19 abangeniswe kwisibhedlele sokhuseleko esise-Wuhan City, kwiPhondo lase-Hubei babhaliswa kwiqela besebenzisa iisampulu ezilula.Inguqulelo yaseTshayina yeMishel Disease Uncertainty Scale (MUIS) yayisetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ukungaqiniseki kwesifo somgulane, kwaye uhlalutyo oluninzi lusetyenziselwa ukuhlola izinto ezichaphazelayo.
I-avareji yamanqaku ewonke e-MUIS (uguqulelo lwesiTshayina) yi-52.22±12.51, ebonisa ukuba ukungaqiniseki kwesifo kukwinqanaba eliphakathi.Iziphumo zibonakalisa ukuba i-avareji yamanqaku e-dimensional unpredictation yeyona iphezulu: 2.88 ± 0.90.Uhlalutyo lwe-multiple stepwise regression lubonise ukuba abafazi (t = 2.462, p = .015) banomvuzo wenyanga wentsapho ongekho ngaphantsi kwe-RMB 10,000 (t = -2.095, p = .039), kunye nekhosi yokugula ≥ iintsuku ezingama-28 ( t = 2.249, p = 027) yinto ezimeleyo enempembelelo yokungaqiniseki kwesifo.
Izigulana ezine-COVID-19 zikumlinganiselo ophakathi wokungaqiniseki kwesifo.Abasebenzi bezonyango kufuneka bahlawule ngakumbi izigulane zabasetyhini, izigulane ezinomvuzo ophantsi wenyanga wentsapho, kunye nezigulane ezinexesha elide lokugula, kwaye zithathe amanyathelo okungenelela ekujoliswe kuzo ukubanceda ukunciphisa ukungaqiniseki kwesifo sabo.
Xa sijongene nesifo esosulelayo esitsha nesingaziwayo, abaguli abafunyaniswa bene-COVID-19 baphantsi koxinzelelo olukhulu ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwengqondo, kwaye ukungaqiniseki kwesi sifo ngowona mthombo woxinzelelo oluthwaxa abaguli.Olu phononongo luphande ukungaqiniseki kwesifo kwizigulana ze-COVID-19 kwizibhedlele eziphathwayo, kwaye iziphumo zibonise inqanaba eliphakathi.Iziphumo zophononongo ziyakunceda abongikazi, abenzi bemigaqo-nkqubo yoluntu kunye nabaphandi bexesha elizayo kuyo nayiphi na imeko ebonelela ngokhathalelo kwizigulana ze-COVID-19.
Ekupheleni kuka-2019, i-2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) yaqhambuka eWuhan, kwiPhondo laseHubei, eTshayina, yaba yingxaki enkulu yezempilo yoluntu e-China nakwihlabathi (Huang et al., 2020).UMbutho wezeMpilo weHlabathi (i-WHO) uwudwelisa njengengxakeko yezempilo yoluntu exhalabisayo kumazwe ngamazwe (PHEIC).Ukuze kuthintelwe ukusasazeka kwale ntsholongwane, i-Wuhan COVID-19 Prevention and Control Command Centre yagqiba ekubeni yakhe izibhedlele ezininzi eziphathwayo zokunyanga abaguli abanezigulo ezingephi.Ujongene nesifo esosulelayo esitsha nesingaziwayo, abaguli abafunyaniswa bene-COVID-19 babandezeleka kakhulu ngokwasemzimbeni kunye noxinzelelo olukhulu ngokwasengqondweni (Wang, Chudzicka-Czupała et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2020c; Xiong et al., 2020).Ukungaqiniseki kwesi sifo ngowona mthombo woxinezeleko oluthwaxa abaguli.Njengoko kuchaziwe, oku kwenzeka xa isigulana siphulukana nolawulo kwiziganeko ezinxulumene nesifo kunye nekamva laso, kwaye kunokwenzeka kuwo onke amanqanaba esi sifo (umzekelo, Kwinqanaba loxilongo,… kwinqanaba lonyango, okanye ngaphandle kwezifo. ukusinda) (Mishel et al., 2018).Ukungaqiniseki kwesifo kuhambelana neziphumo ezibi zentlalo nengqondo, kunye nokuhla okunxulumene nempilo kumgangatho wobomi kunye neempawu ezinzima zomzimba (Kim et al., 2020; Parker et al., 2016; Szulczewski et al., 2017; Yang et al., 2015).Olu phononongo lujolise ekuphononongeni imeko yangoku kunye nezinto ezinempembelelo zokungaqiniseki kwesifo kwizigulana ezine-COVID-19, kunye nokubonelela ngesiseko sezifundo zongenelelo ezifanelekileyo kwixesha elizayo.
I-COVID-19 sisifo esitsha esosulelayo esisasazwa ikakhulu ngamathontsi okuphefumla kunye nokunxibelelana ngokusondeleyo.Sisifo esiyingozi kakhulu sentsholongwane kwinkulungwane yama-21 kwaye sinefuthe elingazange libonwe kwihlabathi jikelele kwimpilo yengqondo yabantu.Ukusukela oko kwaqhambuka i-COVID-19 kwisiXeko saseWuhan, kwiPhondo laseHubei ekupheleni kuka-2019, amatyala afunyenwe kumazwe angama-213 nakwimimandla.Ngomhla we-11 kuMatshi ka-2020, i-WHO yabhengeza ubhubhane njengobhubhane wehlabathi (Xiong et al., 2020).Njengoko ubhubhani we-COVIC-19 usasazeka kwaye uqhubeka, iingxaki zengqondo ezilandelayo ziye zaba ziziphakamiso ezibaluleke ngakumbi.Izifundo ezininzi zibonise ukuba ubhubhani we-COVID-19 unxulumene namanqanaba aphezulu oxinzelelo lwengqondo.Xa bejongene nobhubhane, abantu abaninzi, ngakumbi abaguli be-COVID-19, baya kuba nothotho lweemvakalelo ezingathandekiyo ezinjengokukhathazeka kunye noloyiko (Le, Dang, et al., 2020; Tee ML et al., 2020; Wang, Chudzicka -Czupała Et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2020c; Xiong et al., 2020).I-pathogenesis, ixesha lokufukamela, kunye nonyango lwe-COVID-19 lusekwinqanaba lophononongo, kwaye kusekho imiba emininzi ekufuneka icaciswe malunga noxilongo, unyango kunye nokuqonda kwesayensi.Ukuqhambuka kunye nokuqhubeka kobhubhane kwenze abantu baziva bengaqinisekanga kwaye bengalawuleki ngesi sifo.Sakuba sifunyanisiwe, isigulana asiqinisekanga ukuba lukhona na unyango olusebenzayo, nokuba luyanyangeka, ulichitha njani ixesha lokuba wedwa, kunye nefuthe eliya kuba nalo kubo nakumalungu osapho lwabo.Ukungaqiniseki kokugula kubeka umntu kwimeko yoxinzelelo rhoqo kwaye kuvelisa ixhala, ukudakumba kunye noloyiko (Hao F et al., 2020).
Ngo-1981, uMishel wachaza ukungaqiniseki kwesifo kwaye wasingenisa kwicandelo lokonga.Xa umntu engenakho ukukwazi ukugweba iziganeko ezinxulumene nesifo kunye nesifo sibangela iziganeko ezinxulumene nokuvuselela, umntu akanako ukwenza izigwebo ezihambelanayo malunga nokubunjwa kunye nentsingiselo yeziganeko zokuvuselela, kwaye ukungaqiniseki kwesifo kuya kwenzeka.Xa isigulane singakwazi ukusebenzisa imvelaphi yakhe yemfundo, inkxaso yentlalontle, okanye ubudlelwane kunye nomboneleli wezempilo ukuze bafumane ulwazi kunye nolwazi olufunekayo, ukungaqiniseki kwesi sifo kwandisa.Xa intlungu, ukukhathala, okanye iziganeko ezinxulumene neziyobisi zenzeka, ukungabikho kolwazi kuya kwanda, kwaye ukungaqiniseki kwesi sifo kuya kwanda.Ngexesha elifanayo, ukungaqiniseki kwesifo esiphakamileyo kuhambelana nokuncipha kokukwazi ukucubungula ulwazi olutsha, ukuqikelela iziphumo, kunye nokulungelelanisa ukuxilongwa (Mishel et al., 2018; Moreland & Santacroce, 2018).
Ukungaqiniseki kwesifo kusetyenziswe kwizifundo zezigulane ezinezifo ezahlukahlukeneyo ezingapheliyo kunye nezifo ezingapheliyo, kwaye inani elikhulu leziphumo libonisa ukuba olu vavanyo lwengqondo lwesifo lunxulumene neziphumo ezahlukeneyo ezimbi zezigulane.Ngokukodwa, ukuphazamiseka kwemizwelo kuhambelana nezinga eliphezulu lokungaqiniseki kwesifo (Mullins et al., 2017);ukungaqiniseki kwesifo sisibikezelo sokudakumba (Zhang et al., 2018);Ukongeza, ukungaqiniseki kwesifo kuqwalaselwa ngazwinye Sisiganeko esibi (Hoth et al., 2015; Parker et al., 2016; Sharkey et al., 2018) kwaye kukholelwa ukuba inxulumene neziphumo ezibi zengqondo ezifana noxinzelelo lweemvakalelo, ukuxhalaba, okanye ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo (Kim et al. Abantu, 2020; Szulczewski et al., 2017).Ayiphazamisi kuphela amandla ezigulane zokufuna ulwazi lwesifo, ngaloo ndlela ithintela ukhetho lwabo lonyango kunye nokhathalelo lwempilo (Moreland & Santacroce, 2018), kodwa ikwanciphisa umgangatho wobomi obunxulumene nempilo yesigulana, kunye neempawu zomzimba ezinzulu ngakumbi (Guan et abantu, 2020; Varner et al., 2019).
Ngenxa yale miphumo emibi yokungaqiniseki kwesifo, abaphandi abaninzi baye baqala ukunikela ingqalelo kwinqanaba lokungaqiniseki kwezigulane ezinezifo ezahlukahlukeneyo kwaye bazama ukufumana iindlela zokunciphisa kakhulu ukungaqiniseki kwezifo.Ithiyori kaMishel ichaza ukuba ukungaqiniseki kwesi sifo kubangelwa yimpawu zesifo esingacacanga, unyango olunzima kunye nokunyamekela, ukungabikho kolwazi olunxulumene nokuxilongwa kunye nobukhulu besifo, kunye nenkqubo yesifo esingalindelekanga kunye nokuxilongwa.Ikwachatshazelwa linqanaba lengqondo yezigulane kunye nenkxaso yentlalo.Uphononongo lufumene ukuba imbono yokungaqiniseki kwesifo ichaphazeleka kwizinto ezininzi.Ubudala, ubuhlanga, ingcamango yenkcubeko, imvelaphi yemfundo, imeko yezoqoqosho, ikhosi yesifo, kwaye ingaba isifo sinzima ngezinye izifo okanye iimpawu kwidatha ye-demographic kunye nekliniki yezigulane zihlalutywa njengezinto ezichaphazela imbono yokungaqiniseki kwesifo. .Izifundo ezininzi (uParker et al., 2016).
Phanda imeko engaqinisekanga kunye nezinto ezinempembelelo kwizigulana ze-COVID-19 kwizibhedlele eziphathwayo.
Uphononongo olunqamlezileyo lwenziwa kwisibhedlele sokhuseleko oluhambahambayo, olugubungela indawo ye-1385 square metres, yahlulwe yaba ziiwadi ezintathu, zineebhedi ezingama-678 zizonke.
Isebenzisa indlela elula yokwenza isampulu, abaguli abali-114 be-COVID-19 abangeniswe kwisibhedlele sokhuseleko e-Wuhan, kwiPhondo laseHubei ngoFebruwari ka-2020 zasetyenziswa njengezinto zophando.Iinqobo zokubandakanywa: iminyaka eyi-18-65 ubudala;oluqinisekisiweyo usulelo lwe-COVID-19 kwaye ngokonyango lwahlelwa njengezehlo ezingephi okanye eziphakathi ngokwezikhokelo zesizwe kunye nonyango;wavuma ukuthatha inxaxheba kuphononongo.Iikhrayitheriya zokungabandakanywa: ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo okanye ukugula ngengqondo okanye ngengqondo;ukungaboni kakuhle, ukuva okanye ukuphazamiseka kolwimi.
Ngenxa yemigaqo yokubekwa wedwa kwe-COVID-19, uvavanyo lwenziwe ngohlobo lwekhweshine ye-elektroniki, kwaye ukuqinisekiswa okusengqiqweni kwamiselwa ukuphucula ukunyaniseka kwekhweshine.Kolu phononongo, uphononongo olukwindawo yezigulana ze-COVID-19 ezingeniswe kwisibhedlele sokhuseleko lweselula lwenziwa, kwaye abaphandi bavavanya ngokungqongqo izigulana ngokwendlela yokubandakanywa kunye nokukhutshelwa ngaphandle.Abaphandi bayalela izigulane ukuba zigcwalise iphepha lemibuzo ngolwimi olumanyeneyo.Izigulana zigcwalisa uluhlu lwemibuzo ngokungaziwa ngokuskena ikhowudi ye-QR.
Uluhlu lwemibuzo oluyilwe ngokwalo lubandakanya isini, ubudala, imeko yomtshato, inani labantwana, indawo yokuhlala, umgangatho wemfundo, imeko yengqesho kunye nomvuzo wenyanga wosapho, kunye nexesha ukusukela oko kwaqala i-COVID-19, kunye nezalamane. kunye nabahlobo abosulelekileyo.
Isikali sokungaqiniseki kweSifo ekuqaleni saqulunqwa nguNjingalwazi Mishel ngo-1981, kwaye sahlaziywa liqela le-Ye Zengjie ukwenza inguqulelo yesiTshayina ye-MUIS (Ye et al., 2018).Ibandakanya imilinganiselo emithathu yokungaqiniseki kunye nezinto ezipheleleyo ze-20: ukungaqondakali (izinto ezi-8).), ukungabikho kokucaca (izinto ezi-7) kunye nokungaqiniseki (izinto ezi-5), apho izinto ezi-4 zizinto zokubuyisela amanqaku.Ezi zinto zifakwe amanqaku kusetyenziswa isikali se-Likert 5-point, apho i-1=ingavumi kakhulu, 5=ivumelana kakhulu, kwaye uluhlu lulonke lwamanqaku ngama-20-100;Okukhona amanqaku aphezulu, kokukhona ukungaqiniseki okukhulu.Amanqaku ahlukaniswe ngamanqanaba amathathu: aphantsi (20-46.6), aphakathi (46.7-73.3) kunye aphezulu (73.3-100).I-Cronbach's α ye-MUIS yaseTshayina yi-0.825, kunye ne-Cronbach's α yomlinganiselo ngamnye ngu-0.807-0.864.
Abathathi-nxaxheba baxelelwe ngenjongo yophando, kwaye imvume enolwazi yafunyanwa xa kufunwa abathathi-nxaxheba.Emva koko baqala ukugcwalisa ngokuzithandela kwaye bangenise imibuzo kwi-intanethi.
Sebenzisa i-SPSS 16.0 ukuseka isiseko sedatha kunye nedatha yokungenisa ukuze uhlalutye.Idatha yokubala ichazwa njengepesenti kwaye ihlalutywe luvavanyo lwe-chi-square;idatha yomlinganiselo ehambelana nonikezelo oluqhelekileyo ichazwa njengentsingiselo ± ukutenxa okusemgangathweni, kwaye uvavanyo lusetyenziselwa ukuhlalutya izinto ezichaphazela ukungaqiniseki kwemeko yesigulana se-COVID-19 ngokusebenzisa ukuhlehla okuphindaphindiweyo ngamanyathelo.Xa p <.05, umahluko ubalulekile ngokwezibalo.
I-questionnaire ye-114 iyonke yahanjiswa kolu phononongo, kwaye izinga lokubuyisela elisebenzayo laliyi-100%.Phakathi kwezigulane ezili-114, ama-51 yayingamadoda nama-63 ngabasetyhini;bebeneminyaka engama-45.11 ± 11.43 ubudala.Umndilili yenani leentsuku ukusukela oko kwaqala i-COVID-19 yayingama-27.69 ± 10.31 iintsuku.Uninzi lwezigulane zazitshatile, zizonke iimeko ezingama-93 (81.7%).Phakathi kwabo, amaqabane afunyenwe ene-COVID-19 ebalwa kwi-28.1%, abantwana babalwa kwi-12.3%, abazali babalelwa kwi-28.1%, kwaye abahlobo babalelwa kuma-39.5%.I-75.4% yezigulana ze-COVID-19 zixhalabile kakhulu kukuba esi sifo siya kuchaphazela amalungu osapho;I-70.2% yezigulane zixhalabile malunga ne-sequelae yesi sifo;I-54.4% yezigulane zixhalabile ukuba imeko yazo iya kuba nzima kwaye ichaphazele ubomi babo obuqhelekileyo;I-32.5% yezigulane zixhalabile ukuba isifo siya kubachaphazela Sebenza;I-21.2% yezigulane zinexhala lokuba esi sifo siya kuchaphazela ukhuseleko lwezoqoqosho lweentsapho zabo.
Amanqaku ewonke e-MUIS ezigulane ze-COVID-19 ngama-52.2 ± 12.5, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba ukungaqiniseki kwesifo kukwinqanaba eliphakathi (Uluhlu loku-1).Sihlele amanqaku ento nganye yokungaqiniseki kwesifo sesigulana kwaye safumanisa ukuba into enawona manqaku aphezulu “andinakuqikelela ukuba isifo sam (unyango) siya kuhlala ixesha elingakanani” (Itheyibhile 2).
Idatha yedemografi ngokubanzi yabathathi-nxaxheba yasetyenziswa njengotshintsho lweqela ukuthelekisa ukungaqiniseki kwesifo kwizigulana ze-COVID-19.Iziphumo zibonise ukuba isini, ingeniso yenyanga yentsapho kunye nexesha lokuqala (t = -3.130, 2.276, -2.162, p <.05) zibalulekile ngokwezibalo (iThebhile 3).
Ukuthatha amanqaku ewonke e-MUIS njengento exhomekeke kuyo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto ezintathu ezibalulekileyo zezibalo (isini, ingeniso yenyanga yentsapho, ixesha lokuqala) kuhlalutyo olungaguqukiyo kunye nohlalutyo lokulungelelaniswa njengezinto ezizimeleyo ezizimeleyo, uhlalutyo oluphindaphindiweyo lwe-stepwise lwenziwa.Izinto eziguquguqukayo ezithi ekugqibeleni zingene kwi-regression equation sisini, ingeniso yenyanga yosapho kunye nexesha lokuqalisa kwe-COVID-19, zizinto ezintathu eziphambili ezichaphazela ukuguquguquka okuxhomekeke kuyo (iThebhile 4).
Iziphumo zolu phononongo zibonisa ukuba amanqaku ewonke e-MUIS kwizigulana ze-COVID-19 ngama-52.2±12.5, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba ukungaqiniseki kwesi sifo kukwinqanaba eliphakathi, elihambelana nokungaqiniseki kwesifo sophando lwezifo ezahlukeneyo ezifana neCOPD, intliziyo yokuzalwa. isifo, kunye nesifo segazi.Uxinzelelo lwe-dialysis, umkhuhlane wemvelaphi engaziwayo ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe (Hoth et al., 2015; Li et al., 2018; Lyu et al., 2019; Moreland & Santacroce, 2018; Yang et al., 2015).Ngokusekwe kwithiyori yokungaqiniseki yesifo sikaMishel (Mishel, 2018; Zhang, 2017), ukuqhelana kunye nokungaguquguquki kweziganeko ze-COVID-19 zikwinqanaba eliphantsi, kuba sisifo esitsha, esingaziwayo kwaye esosulelayo kakhulu, esinokuthi ukungaqiniseki okukhokelela umgangatho ophezulu wesifo.Nangona kunjalo, iziphumo zophando azizange zibonise iziphumo ezilindelekileyo.Izizathu ezinokuthi zibe zezi zilandelayo: (a) Ukuqina kweempawu yiyona nto iphambili yokungaqiniseki kwesifo (uMishel et al., 2018).Ngokwemigaqo yokwamkelwa kwizibhedlele eziphathwayo, zonke izigulana zizigulana ezibuthathaka.Ngoko ke, inqaku lokungaqiniseki kwesifo alifikanga kwinqanaba eliphezulu;(b) Inkxaso yentlalontle yeyona nto iphambili yenqanaba lokungaqiniseki kwesifo.Ngenkxaso yempendulo yesizwe kwi-COVID-19, abaguli banokungeniswa kwizibhedlele zesheltha ephathwayo kwangethuba emva kokuxilongwa, kwaye bafumane unyango lobuchwephesha kumaqela onyango avela kuwo onke amaphondo nezixeko kwilizwe liphela.Ukongezelela, iindleko zonyango zithwalwa ngurhulumente, ukwenzela ukuba izigulane zingabi naxhala, kwaye kwinqanaba elithile, ukungaqiniseki kwezi zigulana ziyancipha;(C).Isibhedlele seshelter esihambayo siqokelele inani elikhulu lezigulana ze-COVID-19 ezineempawu ezibuthathaka.Utshintshiselwano phakathi kwabo lomeleza ukuzithemba kwabo ekoyiseni esi sifo.Umoya osebenzayo unceda izigulane ziphephe ukwesaba, ukuxhalaba, ukudakumba kunye nezinye iimvakalelo ezimbi ezibangelwa kukuzihlukanisa, kwaye kwinqanaba elithile linciphisa ukungaqiniseki kwesigulane malunga nesifo (uParker et al., 2016; Zhang et al., 2018).
Into enawona manqaku aphezulu ithi “Andikwazi ukuqikelela ukuba isifo sam (unyango) siya kuhlala ixesha elingakanani”, esisi-3.52±1.09.Kwelinye icala, ngenxa yokuba i-COVID-19 sisifo esosulelayo esitsha, abaguli abazi nto ngaso;kwelinye icala, ikhondo lesi sifo lide.Kulo cwaningo, iimeko ze-69 zinesiqalo esingaphezu kweentsuku ze-28, zibalwa kwi-60.53% yenani elipheleleyo labaphenduli.Umndilili wobude bokuhlala kwizigulane ezili-114 kwisibhedlele sesheltha ehambayo ibe (13.07±5.84) iintsuku.Phakathi kwabo, abantu be-39 bahlala ngaphezu kweeveki ze-2 (ngaphezu kweentsuku ze-14), babala i-34.21% yetotali.Ke ngoko, isigulana sinike amanqaku aphezulu kwinto leyo.
Into ekwinqanaba lesibini "Andiqinisekanga ukuba isifo sam sihle okanye sibi" sinamanqaku angama-3.20 ± 1.21.I-COVID-19 sisifo esitsha, esingaziwayo, kwaye esosulela kakhulu.Ukwenzeka, uphuhliso kunye nokunyangwa kwesi sifo kusephantsi kokuhlolwa.Isigulana asiqinisekanga ukuba siya kukhula njani kwaye siyinyange njani, nto leyo enokukhokelela kumanqaku aphezulu kwinto leyo.
Indawo yesithathu “ndinemibuzo emininzi engenazimpendulo” ifumene amanqaku 3.04±1.23.Xa bejongene nezifo ezingaziwayo, abasebenzi bezonyango bahlala behlola kwaye baphucula ukuqonda kwabo izifo kunye nokuxilongwa kunye nezicwangciso zonyango.Ngoko ke, eminye imibuzo enxulumene nesifo ephakanyiswe zizigulane ayinakuphendulwa ngokupheleleyo.Ekubeni umlinganiselo wabasebenzi bezonyango kwizibhedlele zesheltha eziphathwayo zigcinwa ngokuqhelekileyo ngaphakathi kwe-6: 1 kunye nenkqubo ye-shift-four iphunyeziwe, abasebenzi bezonyango ngamnye kufuneka banakekele izigulane ezininzi.Ukongezelela, kwinkqubo yokunxibelelana nabasebenzi bezonyango abanxibe iimpahla ezikhuselayo, kunokubakho inani elithile lokunciphisa ulwazi.Nangona isigulane sinikwe imiyalelo kunye neenkcazo ezinxulumene nokunyangwa kwesifo kangangoko kunokwenzeka, eminye imibuzo yobuqu ayinakuphendulwa ngokupheleleyo.
Ekuqaleni kwale ngxaki yezempilo yehlabathi, bekukho iyantlukwano kulwazi malunga ne-COVID-19 olufunyenwe ngabasebenzi bezempilo, abasebenzi basekuhlaleni, kunye nabemi ngokubanzi.Abasebenzi bezonyango kunye nabasebenzi basekuhlaleni banokufumana inqanaba eliphezulu lokuqonda kunye nolwazi lokulawula ubhubhane ngokusebenzisa iikhosi zoqeqesho ezahlukeneyo.Uluntu lubone ulwazi oluninzi olungalunganga malunga ne-COVID-19 ngokusebenzisa amajelo eendaba amaninzi, njengolwazi olunxulumene nokuncitshiswa kobonelelo lwezixhobo zonyango, olunyuse ixhala lesigulana kunye nokugula.Le meko ibonisa imfuneko engxamisekileyo yokwandisa ukhuselo lolwazi lwezempilo oluthembekileyo, kuba ulwazi olulahlekisayo lunokuthintela ii-arhente zezempilo ekulawuleni ubhubhane (Tran et al., 2020).Ukwaneliseka okuphezulu ngolwazi lwezempilo kunxulunyaniswa kakhulu nempembelelo ephantsi yengqondo, ukugula, kunye nexhala okanye amanqaku okudakumba (Le, Dang, njl., 2020).
Iziphumo zophando lwangoku kwizigulana ze-COVID-19 zibonisa ukuba abaguli ababhinqileyo banenqanaba eliphezulu lokungaqiniseki kwesifo kunezigulana ezingamadoda.UMushel wachaza ukuba njengotshintsho oluphambili lwethiyori, amandla okuqonda omntu aya kuchaphazela umbono wezinto ezinxulumene nesifo.Uphononongo lubonise ukuba kukho umahluko omkhulu kubuchule bokuqonda bamadoda nabasetyhini (Hyde, 2014).Abasetyhini bangcono kwimvakalelo kunye nokucinga okunengqondo, ngelixa amadoda athambekele ngakumbi ekucazululeni okunengqiqo ukucinga, okunokukhuthaza ukuqonda izigulane zamadoda malunga ne-stimuli, ngokunciphisa ukungaqiniseki kwabo malunga nesifo.Amadoda namabhinqa nawo ayahluka ngohlobo nangempumelelo yeemvakalelo.Abasetyhini bakhetha iindlela zokuhlangabezana neemvakalelo kunye nokuphepha, ngelixa amadoda athambekele ekusebenziseni ukusombulula iingxaki kunye neendlela zokucinga ezifanelekileyo ukujongana neziganeko ezingathandekiyo zengqondo (Schmitt et al., 2017).Oku kubonisa kwakhona ukuba abasebenzi bezonyango kufuneka bakhokele ngokufanelekileyo izigulane ukuba zibancede bahlale bengathathi hlangothi xa behlola ngokuchanekileyo kwaye beqonda ukungaqiniseki kwesifo ngokwaso.
Izigulana ezinomvuzo wenyanga wendlu ongaphezulu okanye olingana ne-RMB 10,000 zinamanqaku asezantsi kakhulu e-MUIS.Oku kufunyanisiweyo kuyahambelana nolunye uphononongo (Li et al., 2019; Ni et al., 2018), ebonise ukuba umvuzo ophantsi wenyanga wekhaya uxela kwangaphambili ukungaqiniseki kwezifo zezigulane.Isizathu solu qikelelo kukuba izigulana ezinemivuzo ephantsi yosapho zinezibonelelo ezimbalwa zentlalo kunye neendlela ezimbalwa zokufumana ulwazi lwesifo.Ngenxa yomsebenzi ongazinzanga kunye nengeniso yezoqoqosho, badla ngokuba nomthwalo onzima wentsapho.Ngoko ke, xa ujongene nesifo esingaziwayo kunye nesibi, eli qela lezigulane lingaphezulu kwamathandabuzo kunye nokukhathazeka, ngaloo ndlela libonisa izinga eliphezulu lokungaqiniseki kwesifo.
Ixesha elide lesi sifo sihlala, sisezantsi imvakalelo yokungaqiniseki yesigulane (Mishel, 2018).Iziphumo zophando zingqina oku (Tian et al., 2014), ebanga ukuba ukwanda kokuxilongwa kwezifo ezingapheliyo, unyango, kunye nokulaliswa esibhedlele kunceda izigulane ukuba ziqaphele kwaye ziqhelane neziganeko ezinxulumene neZifo.Nangona kunjalo, iziphumo zolu vavanyo zibonisa impikiswano echaseneyo.Ngokukodwa, ukungaqiniseki kwesifo kumatyala adlule iintsuku ezingama-28 okanye ngaphezulu ukusukela oko kwaqala i-COVID-19 kunyuke kakhulu, okuhambelana noLi (Li et al., 2018) kufundo lwakhe lwezigulana ezinomkhuhlane ongaziwayo.Isiphumo siyangqinelana nesizathu.Ukwenzeka, uphuhliso kunye nonyango lwezifo ezingapheliyo zicacile.Njengesifo esosulelayo esitsha nesingalindelekanga, i-COVID-19 isaphononongwa.Indlela yokunyanga esi sifo kukuhamba ngesikhephe kumanzi angaziwayo, ekuthi ebudeni belo xesha ezinye iimeko ezingxamisekileyo zenzeka ngequbuliso.Iziganeko, ezifana nezigulana eziphinde zabuyela emva kokukhutshwa esibhedlele ngexesha losulelo.Ngenxa yokungaqiniseki kokufunyaniswa, unyango kunye nokuqonda kwesayensi kwesi sifo, nangona ukuqala kwe-COVID-19 kuye kwandiswa, abaguli abane-COVID-19 abakaqiniseki malunga nendlela yophuhliso kunye nonyango lwesi sifo.Ebusweni bokungaqiniseki, kokukhona iqala i-COVID-19, kokukhona isigulana siya kuba nexhala ngakumbi malunga nesiphumo sonyango lwesi sifo, kokukhona siqinisa ukungaqiniseki kwesigulana malunga neempawu zesi sifo, kwaye kokukhona kunyuka ukungaqiniseki kwesi sifo. .
Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba izigulane ezineempawu ezingentla kufuneka zijoliswe kwisifo, kwaye injongo yokungenelela kwesifo kukufumana indlela yokulawula ukunciphisa izifo.Ibandakanya imfundo yezempilo, inkxaso yolwazi, unyango lokuziphatha, kunye nonyango lokuziphatha kwengqondo (CBT).Kubaguli be-COVID-19, unyango lokuziphatha lunokubanceda basebenzise iindlela zokuphumla ukulwa nokuxhalaba kunye nokuthintela iziqendu zoxinzelelo ngokuguqula ishedyuli yemisebenzi yemihla ngemihla.I-CBT inokunciphisa ukuziphatha okungahambi kakuhle, njengokuphepha, ukulwa kunye nokuzigxeka.Ukuphucula amandla abo okulawula uxinzelelo (Ho et al., 2020).Ungenelelo lwe-Intanethi lwe-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (I-CBT) lunokunceda izigulana ezosulelekileyo kwaye zifumane ukhathalelo kwiiwadi ezibekwe zodwa, kunye nezigulana ezibekwe zodwa ekhaya kwaye zingakwazi ukufikelela kwiingcali zempilo yengqondo (Ho et al., 2020; Soh et al., 2020; Zhang & Ho, 2017).
Amanqaku e-MUIS ezigulana ze-COVID-19 kwizibhedlele eziphathwayo zibonisa ukungaqiniseki kwesifo.Lowo unawona manqaku aphezulu kwimilinganiso emithathu ayinakuqikelelwa.Kwafunyaniswa ukuba ukungaqiniseki kwesi sifo kwakunxibelelene ngokuqinisekileyo kunye nexesha ukusukela oko kwaqala i-COVID-19, kwaye kunxibelelene kakubi nomvuzo wenyanga wesigulana.Amadoda afumana amanqaku asezantsi kunamabhinqa.Khumbuza abasebenzi bezonyango ukuba banikele ingqalelo engakumbi kwizigulane ezingamabhinqa, izigulane ezinomvuzo ophantsi wenyanga wentsapho kunye nekhondo elide lokugula, bathathe amanyathelo ongenelelo asebenzayo ukunciphisa ukungaqiniseki kwezigulane ngemeko yabo, ukukhokela izigulane ukuba zomeleze iinkolelo zabo, zijongene nesifo kunye isimo sengqondo esifanelekileyo, ukusebenzisana nonyango, kunye nokuphucula ukuthobela unyango Isondo.
Njengalo naluphi na uphononongo, olu phononongo lunemida ethile.Kolu phononongo, ngumlinganiselo wokuzilinganisa kuphela owasetyenziselwa ukuphanda ukungaqiniseki kwesifo kwizigulana ze-COVID-19 ezinyangwa kwizibhedlele eziphathwayo.Kukho iiyantlukwano zenkcubeko ekuthinteleni ubhubhane kunye nolawulo kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo (Wang, Chudzicka-Czupała, et al., 2020), enokuthi ichaphazele ukumelwa kweesampulu kunye nendalo yonke yeziphumo.Enye ingxaki kukuba ngenxa yobume besifundo esinqamlezayo, olu pho nonongo aluzange luqhube izifundo ezongezelelweyo kwiinguqu eziguquguqukayo zokungaqiniseki kwesifo kunye nemiphumo yayo yexesha elide kwizigulane.Uphononongo lubonise ukuba akukho tshintsho lubalulekileyo lwexesha elide kumanqanaba oxinzelelo, ukuxhalaba kunye nokudakumba kuluntu ngokubanzi emva kweeveki ze-4 (Wang, Chudzicka-Czupała et al., 2020; Wang et al., 2020b).Uyilo olongezelelweyo lwelongitudinal luyafuneka ukuhlola izigaba ezahlukeneyo zesifo kunye neempembelelo zaso kwizigulana.
Yenza igalelo elibalulekileyo kumbono kunye noyilo, okanye ukufumana idatha, okanye uhlalutyo lwedatha kunye nokutolika;I-DL, i-CL ithathe inxaxheba ekuyileni imibhalo-ngqangi okanye ihlaziywe ngokunzulu umxholo wolwazi olubalulekileyo;I-DL, CL, DS ekugqibeleni ivume inguqulelo ukuba ikhutshwe.Umbhali ngamnye kufuneka athathe inxaxheba ngokupheleleyo emsebenzini kwaye athathe uxanduva loluntu kwinxalenye efanelekileyo yomxholo;I-DL, CL, DS iyavuma ukuba noxanduva kuyo yonke imiba yomsebenzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba imiba enxulumene nokuchaneka okanye ukuphelela kwayo nayiphi na inxalenye yomsebenzi iphandwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye iSombulula;I-DS
Nceda ujonge i-imeyile yakho ngemiyalelo yokusetha kwakhona igama lokugqitha lakho.Ukuba awufumani imeyile kwimizuzu eli-10, idilesi yakho ye-imeyile ayinakubhaliswa kwaye unokufuna ukwenza i-akhawunti entsha yeThala leeNcwadi ye-Intanethi ye-Wiley.
Ukuba idilesi ihambelana neakhawunti ekhoyo, uya kufumana i-imeyile enemiyalelo yokufumana igama lomsebenzisi
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-16-2021